Python使用蒙特卡洛法计算圆周率

蒙特卡洛方法通过在单位正方形内随机生成点，并判断这些点是否在单位圆内的比例来估算圆周率。当随机点数量越多时，估算值越趋近于真实值。

以下是Python代码示例：

import random

def estimate_pi(num_iterations):
    num_points_in_circle = 0
    total_num_points = 0
    
    for i in range(num_iterations):
        x = random.uniform(0, 1)
        y = random.uniform(0, 1)
        distance = x**2 + y**2
        
        if distance <= 1:
            num_points_in_circle += 1
        
        total_num_points += 1
    
    pi_estimate = 4 * num_points_in_circle / total_num_points
    return pi_estimate

# 调用函数进行估算，num_iterations为估算次数
print(estimate_pi(1000000))